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The Rise and fall of Byzantine Empire

Introduction

 Byzantine word is derived from the former Greek colony called Byzantium.  The kings of Persia ruled the state of Byzantine for thirty years but it was able to, maintain its freedom during the first three hundred years (Cipolla, 2013). After Licinius unsuccessful war in A.D 323 with his brother in law Constantine, it led to his surrender and Constantine became the only emperor in Rome.

The foundation of Constantinople

According to Cipolla, (2013), Constantinople came to rise after Constantine had secured his victory with his rivals. Rome faced a lot of inconveniences for Instance incessant barbarian roads and the recurring wars with the Persia. Constantine had to find a more convenient place center for administration and military and he chose the southeastern part of Byzantium.

The fight with the goths

Constantine died on 22nd may, A.D 337 seven years later after the dedication. The Romans began looking to the goths as their guard set to the wilder people in the eastern and the northern part. There was the separation of the nation into two the Visigoths and the Ostrogoth’s. In A.D 376 further subdivision happened and the house of Constantine vanished making the Valens rule the east. In the west, there were constant attacks from the Germans. Italy was the only left territory which was later overthrown to the barbarian and Rome fell.

The reorganization of the eastern empire

The emperor of Byzantine would still be the spiritual leader of majority eastern Christians. Justinian, I took over a ruling in 527 and ruled to A.D 565. After his death, his successors taxed Byzantine citizens. The imperial army grew smaller and had an unsuccessful struggle. In 622 A.D the Muslim began their struggle and Byzantium lost to Syria. Justinian’s reign ended after his death. Depts. incurred which was the cause for his successors to heavily tax the citizens.

Iconoclasm

The Byzantine Empire began denying the religious images in A.D 730 until A.D 843 when Michael three ruled for the continuation of display of iconic images.

Byzantine art

     During the 10th and 11th century Byzantine took more control in trade and was wealthier and a stronger imperial government. The ruler had begun to restore churches as well as the existing cultural institutions, therefore, maintaining the Greek history. Greek began being the official language and many converted to Christianity. At the end of the 11th century, there were many crusades as well as holy wars. The France, Germany and Italy armies began invading. Animosity increased between Byzantium and the west looting Constantinople during the fourth crusade. The Latin regime was established and the Byzantine government went to exile.

The Discordance of the Byzantine Empire

The control of Palaeologus emperors began with Michael 4 in 1261. The state of the empire was crippled. In 1369 the emperor John tried to seek financial help all in vain whereby he was arrested as an insolvent debtor and became a vassal of mighty Turks four years later. Ottoman army took charge of the Constantinople and there was the transformation of Hagia Sophia to be the city’s mosque (Liebschuetz, 2003). There was the fall of Constantinople due to the sudden attack making the fall of the Byzantine Empire.


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